Knowledge Level of Dental Professional Students at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Religious) Regarding Black Stain in Children

Dwi Ariani; Annisa Septalita; Refky Arya Prasetya

doi:10.55927/fjas.v5i7.76

Authors

Dwi Ariani Universitas Prof Dr Moestopo (Beragama) Jakarta
Annisa Septalita Universitas Prof Dr Moestopo (Beragama) Jakarta
Refky Arya Prasetya Universitas Prof Dr Moestopo (Beragama) Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v5i7.76

Keywords:

Black Stain, Caries, Knowledge

Abstract

The prevalence of black stain in children in Indonesia is still limited. Research on the elementary school population in South Jakarta in elementary school children showed that children with good oral hygiene and low frequency of dental caries, that although black stain is not dangerous, the condition is quite common in the population of children in urban areas. This research provides an overview of students' understanding of the level of student knowledge about black stain in children, becoming a real contribution to Community Service in the work area of the local Health Center. The type of research used is descriptive observational with a cross-sectional research design. This research was conducted in November 2025 and illustrates that students have understood basic concepts related to etiology, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and the relationship between black stain and a lower risk of dental caries.

References

Alammari ST, Al Rubaie FM, Shukr BS. Cureusgenic black dental staining in children: Case report. Cureus. 2024;16(1):e51984. doi:10.7759/cureus.51984.

Al-Darwish S. Oral health knowledge, behavior and practices among school children in Qatar. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2016;13(4):342–353.

Amala, K. & Kaswindiarti, S. (2025). Chromogenic Black Stain pada Gigi Anak: Tinjauan Literatur. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 5(3).

Ariq Noorkhakim, et al. (2021). Differences in Calcium and Phosphate Levels in the Saliva of Children with and without Black Dental Stain. Indonesian Journal of Dentistry.

Chairunnisa NS, Hidayat F, Rahman A, et al. Description of knowledge levels about the maintenance of dental and oral health with the occurrence of dental caries in class VI at SDN Sindangbarang 2. J Terapi Gigi Mulut. 2023;2(2):116–121.

Davavilana FA, Putri FM, Suryanti N. Career choice of bachelor and dental profession students. Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry. 2024;36(1):12–20.

Elelmi M, et al. Dental black stain and caries experience in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021;22(2):237–248. doi:10.1007/s40368- 020-00565-1.

García Martin JM, González García M, Seoane Lestón J, Llorente Pendas S, Diéguez Pérez M, Seoane Rodríguez J. 2023;55(3):355–9. doi:10.1111/ped.12066d risk factors in preschool Spanish children. Pediatr Int. 2013;55(3):355–9. doi:10.1111/ped.12066.

Gresfullah AZ, Purwoko J, Nugroho HP. Dimensi Etik dan Hukum Tindakan Kedokteran Pada Pelayanan Kesehatan Oleh Mahasiswa Profesi Dokter Gigi. Soedirman Health Law Review. 2023;5(1):1–10.

Heinrich-Weltzien R, Bartsch B, Eick S, Jentsch H, Pütz N, Wetzel WE. Black stain and dental caries in schoolchildren in Germany. Caries Res. 2022;43(5):450–454. doi:10.1159/000252980.

Heinrich-Weltzien, R. et al. (2019). Black stain and dental caries in preschool children. Caries Research, 53(3): 248–254.

Hwang JY, Lee HS, Choi J, Kim JY, Kim YJ. The oral microbiome in children with black stained tooth. Applied Sciences. 2020;10(22):8054. doi:10.3390/app10228054.

Ilgen G, Çoğulu D, Uçan E, Uzel A. Evaluation of the Etiological Factors of Black Tooth Stain in Children. J Pediatr Res. 2023;10(3):216-221.

Jiang X, Zhang Y, Li J, et al. Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (KAB) of dental students: an integrative study. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):112.

Journal of Interdisciplinary Dental and Public Health. Clinical presentation and mineral composition of black stain. J Interdiscip Dent Public Health.

Journal of Pediatric Research. Tooth discoloration classification and black stain characteristics. J Pediatr Res. 2023;10(3):216-221.

Komisi Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia. Standar Pendidikan Profesi Dokter Gigi Indonesia. Jakarta: KKI; 2024.

Medinah F. (2025). Black Stain pada Pasien Anak: Tinjauan Pustaka. Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut, 7(1).

Mousa HRF, Radwan MZ, Wassif GOM, Wassel MO. The association between black stain and lower risk of dental caries in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2022;97(1):13. doi:10.1186/s42506-022-00107-3.

Nurmalasari D, Andriyani S. Prevalensi Diskolorisasi Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Gigi. 2022;10(2):80–85.

Ramadhani N, Putri D, Yulianti S. Gambaran Kejadian Black Stain pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2023. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Trisakti; 2023.

Ronay V, Attin T. Black stain—A review. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2021;9(1):37–45.

Septina F, Musfira N, Agnizarridlo T. Pendidikan klinik terhadap pencapaian kompetensi radiologi pada mahasiswa profesi dokter gigi: tinjauan literatur. E-Prodenta Journal of Dentistry. 2022;4(2):45–52.

Sudha P, Konde S. Prevalence of black stain among children and its correlation with dental caries and salivary pH. Int J Oral Health Dent. 2025;11(1):1–8.